![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Correcting for both the coating and oxide improved the analysis accuracy to better than ☑% down to 7 kV and ~2% at 5 kV, but the error increases strongly below this. A 15 nm carbon coating on the UO 2 reference material also produces an ~30% quantification error of the uncoated but surface oxidized U sample at 5 kV. We show that U-metal can grow 10 nm of oxide within ~20 s of air exposure, increasing to 15–20 nm within a few minutes, which can produce a 30% quantification error at 5 kV. Electron-probe microanalysis of uranium and uranium alloys poses several problems, such as rapid oxidation, large poorly constrained correction factors, and a large number of characteristic x-ray lines.
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